Abrasion-resistant (AR) daim hlauFeem ntau yog siv hauv kev lag luam hnyav xws li mining, kev tsim kho, quarrying, recycling, forestry, thiab kev ua liaj ua teb, thiab lwm yam. Cov phiaj no yog tsim los kom muaj sia nyob hnyav hnyav, kev sib txhuam tsis tu ncua, cuam tshuam kev thauj khoom, thiab kev ua haujlwm hnyav. Tab sis ib qho tseem ceeb nthuav davfeem ntau tau neglected:cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hlau.
Tshuajal muaj pes tsawg leeg txiav txim siab seb AR phaj ua haujlwm li cas hauv kev pabcuam thiab yooj yim npaum li cas nws tuaj yeem tsim tau. Fabricators yuav tsum tau vuam, txiav, khoov, thiab tshuab cov phaj, thiab cov hlau cov chemistry tuaj yeem ua rau cov dej num no yooj yim - lossis nyuaj heev. Cov neeg yuav khoom uas nkag siab txog tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leegtuaj yeem xaiv cov khoom tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm, zam kev tsim teeb meem, thiab txhim kho cov khoom siv tag nrho.
Hauv qab no yog ib qho kev pom zoo vim li cas cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg tseem ceeb heev thaum ua haujlwm nrog AR steel daim hlau.
Chemical Composition yog dab tsi?
Chemical composition yog qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom hauv cov hlau. AR daim hlau tsis yog hlau thiab carbon xwb. Lawv muaj kev tswj kom zootus nqi ntawm:
| Cov pa roj carbon (C) | Qhov tseem ceebtawvkeeb. Cov nyiaj ntau dua nce hardness tab sis txo weldability. |
| Manganese (Mn) | |
| Silicon (Si) | |
|
Chromium (Cr) Nickel (Ni) Molybdenum (hli) |
Ntsiaballoying ntsiabuas txhawb kev sib sib zog nqus, zoo ib yam hardening thiab txhim kho toughness. |
| Boron (B) | Ib tug haib me me additive uas ho txhim khu kev qhahardenabilitynrog tsawg carbon. |
| Phosphorus (P) thiab Sulfur (S) | Cov impurities uas yuav tsum tau khaws cia kom tsawg los tiv thaivbrittle puas. |
Txhuaelement muaj ib qho kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Qee qhov txhim kho hardness, qee qhov txhim kho toughness, qee qhov pab tau thaum vuam, thiab qee qhov kev pabkhaws lub zog los ntawm lub phaj thickness. Qhov sib npaug ntawm cov ntsiab lus no yog dab tsi ua rau ib lub phaj AR yooj yim rau kev tsim dua lwm tus.
Chemistry Tswj Hardness: Lub luag haujlwm ntawm Carbon & Alloys
Lub ntsiabLub hom phiaj ntawm AR steel yog los tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj. Hardness yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb tom qab qhov kev tawm tsam no.
- Cov pa roj carbon monoxide yog qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws hardening. Cov pa roj carbon ntau dua ua rau cov tawv nqaij tawv dua, tab sis kuj ua rau cov hlau tsis muaj zog thiab nyuaj rau vuam.
- Alloying khoomxws lichromium, nickel, thiab molybdenumpab cov hlau tawv kom sib sib zog nqus thiab tsis tu ncua.
- Boron, txawm nyob rau hauv me me, zoo heev txhim kho hardenability, ua rau cov manufacturers ua tau siab hardness nrog tsawg carbon.
Qhov no yog vim li cas AR400, AR450, AR500, thiab AR600 muaj ntau qib kev ua tau zoo. Lawv cov tshuaj "daim ntawv qhia" yog tsim los xa cov nqi hardness tshwj xeeb tom qab kev kho cua sov. Lub hardness ntau dua txhais tau tias zoo dua hnav tsis kam, tab sis nws kuj txhais tau tias cov hlau yuav nyuaj dua raukhoov los yog weld.
cuam tshuam Weldability: Nkag siab txog Carbon Equivalent (CE)
Weldability yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thaum tsim AR daim hlau. Yog hais tias cov hlau chemistry yog nruj heev, nws yuav tawg thaum lub sij hawm los yog tom qab vuam.
Ib qho kev ntsuas tseem ceeb ntawm no yogcarbon sib npaug (CE). CE kwv yees qhov nyuaj npaum li cas cov hlau yuav dhau los ua cua sov- thaj chaw cuam tshuam (HAZ), uas yog qhov tawg uas feem ntau tshwm sim.
> Cov pa roj carbon ntau lossis cov ntsiab lus siab Alloy=Siab dua CE=Kev pheej hmoo ntau dua ntawm kev tawg
Cov pa roj carbon ntau=siab dua CE=ntau dua kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawg
Cov ntsiab lus alloy siab=siab dua CE
Tsawg CE=vuam yooj yim dua thiab yuav tsum tau ceev faj tsawg dua
Yog tias tus neeg tsim khoom paub tus nqi CE, lawv tuaj yeem npaj qhov tseeb:
- Preheat kub
- Interpass kub
- Txias tus nqi
- Vuam consumables
Xaiv AR phaj nrog cov tshuaj tsim nyog tuaj yeem txuag lub sijhawm vuam, txo kev ua haujlwm dua, thiab tiv thaiv kev ua tsis tiav.
Kev tsim thiab khoov nyob ntawm Chemistry
Tsis yog tag nrho ARdaim hlau khoov tib yam. Qee cov ntaub ntawv khoov kom du; lwm tus tuaj yeem tawg raws txoj kab khoov.
Qhov no feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm:
- Cov ntsiab lus carbon
- Alloying khoom
- Phaj thickness
- Thaum tshav kub kub kho stability
Feem ntau:
- Cov pa roj carbon ntau dua thiab cov hlau alloy txo cov ductility, ua bending nyuaj.
- Nickeltxhim kho toughness, cia zoo bendability txawm nyob rau hauv cov qib nyuaj.
- Tswj chemistrypab tswj kev ua haujlwm zoo ib yam ntawm cov phaj thiab cov khoom siv.
Fabricators yuav tsum ua raws li kev pom zoo yam tsawg kawg nkaus khoov radii, thiab qee zaum yuav tsum tau preheating. Kev nkag siab txog cov hlau chemistry pab tautiv thaiv kev npaj txhij txog tawg thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.
Toughness & Impact Resistance: Cov Ntsiab Cai Kev Nyab Xeeb (Ni, Mo, Cr)
Rau ibcov ntaub ntawv uas cov hlau raug ntaus, poob, los yog ntaus nrog cov rog loj -xws li cov thoob loader, crusher liners, los yog cov khoom pov tseg cov tsheb thauj khoom - toughness yog ib qho tseem ceeb li hardness.
Muaj ntau cov ntsiab lus txhim kho toughness:
- Nickeltxhim kho qis-kub toughness.
- Molybdenumnce stability nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam.
- Chromiumnce lub zog tsis ua rau cov hlau nkig.
- Tsawg phosphorus thiab sulfurtiv thaiv brittle puas.
Lub qhov dej-tsim chemistry ua kom lub phaj yuav tsis tawg sai sai thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam, txawm tias nyob hauv qhov chaw txias.
Chemistry txiav txim Microstructure
Thaum kho cua sov, cov hlau hloov mus rau hauv cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb. Feem ntau hauv AR phaj yogmartensite, uas yog ib qho nyuaj heev thiab zoo heev rau abrasion kuj.
Lwm cov qauv muaj xws li:
- Bainite- tawv thiab tsawg dua li martensite
- Tempered martensite- sib npaug ntawm hardness thiab toughness
Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg txiav txim siab:
- Seb martensite yuav rau
- Ntev npaum li cas nws yuav tsim los ntawm lub thickness
- Nws ruaj khov npaum li cas thaum lub phaj yog rhuab thaum lub sij hawm vuam los yog txiav
Ib stmuaj peev xwm microstructure txhais tau tias lub phaj yuav coj kwv yees thaum lub sij hawm fabrication thiab nyob rau hauv kev pab cuam.
Tiv thaiv cov teeb meem Fabrication los ntawm Chemistry Awareness
Muaj ntau fabricatCov teeb meem ion los ntawm tsis nkag siab cov hlau cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg. Cov teeb meem tshwm sim muaj xws li:
Cracking thaum vuam
Cracking thaum khoov
Distortion thaum txiav
Softening ntawm hardness tom qab input tshav kub tsis zoo
Brittleness thiab kev ua tsis tiav
Los ntawm kev paub txog chemistry, fabricators tuaj yeem kho lawv cov txheej txheem thiab zam cov teeb meem no. Piv txwv li:
Preheating txo weld cracking.
Siv lub vojvoog khoov kom raug tiv thaiv ntug pob txha.
Siv cov khoom siv qis- hydrogen vuam txo cov teeb meem HAZ.
Kev tswj kom txias yuav pab ua kom tawv tawv.
Qhov no ua rau muaj kev ruaj ntseg fabrication, lub neej ntev ntawm cov cuab yeej siv, thiab txo tag nrho cov nqi tsim khoom.
Chemistry cuam tshuam rau tus nqi thiab kev ua lag luam ua haujlwm -Offs
Ntau alloying ntsiab txhim kho kev ua tau zoo tab sis kuj nce nqi.
Piv txwv li:
High -chromium, siab -nickel steelsmuab zoo heev toughness tab sis raug nqi ntau dua.
Txheem AR400 steelsmuab kev ua tau zoo ntawm tus nqi qis.
AR500 / AR600 qibmuab huab hardness tab sis ceev faj fabrication yog xav tau.
Kev nkag siab txog kev sib xyaw ua ke pab cov neeg yuav khoom xaiv cov qib zoo - tsis muaj zog dhau, tsis kim dhau, thiab tsis nyuaj rau tsim.
Xaus
Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg yog lub hauv paus uas txiav txim siab seb AR steel daim hlau ua haujlwm li cas thiab lawv tuaj yeem tsim tau li cas. Nws cuam tshuam:
- Hardness thiab hnav tsis kam
- Weldability
- Bendability thiab formability
- Kev cuam tshuam tsis kam
- Microstructure stability
- Kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawg
- Zuag qhia tag nrho fabrication nqi
Rau cov engineers, fabricators, thiab cov cuab yeej tsim khoom, nkag siab txog tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg tsis yog xaiv tau -nws yogqhov tseem ceeb. Qhov kev paub no yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kom ntseeg tau tias koj ua tiav cov lus cog tseg hauv kev ua haujlwm, ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev coj ua, thiab ruaj ntsegtus nqi qis tshaj nyob rau hauv lub neej.
Npaj los ua kom zoo dua koj qhov kev xaiv AR phaj?
Choosng txoj cai "cov ntawv qhia tshuaj" rau koj qhov tshwj xeeb vuam thiab tsim cov kev xav tau yog txoj hauv kev.Tsis txhob cia fabrication ua tiav rau lub caij nyoog.
Koom tes nrog Promisteel hnub no.Hu rau peb cov kws tshaj lij metallurgical rau kev tsom xam ntawm koj daim ntawv thov, xyuas kom koj xaiv AR phaj nrog cov chemistry zoo tagnrho rau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm.
