Kev tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic yog cov thev naus laus zis uas ncaj qha hloov lub teeb lub zog rau hauv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob los ntawm kev siv cov nyhuv photovoltaic ntawm lub semiconductor interface.
Thaum ntxov li 1839, tus kws tshawb fawb Fabkis Becquerel tau tshawb pom tias lub teeb tuaj yeem tsim qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor. Qhov tshwm sim no hu ua "photovoltaic effect", lossis "photovoltaic effect" luv luv. Xyoo 1954, Tswb Laboratories hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau ua ib lub tswv yim monocrystalline silicon solar cell thawj zaug, muab kev siv hluav taws xob photovoltaic technology uas hloov lub hnub ci zog rau hauv hluav taws xob.
Lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic yog lub zog tsim hluav taws xob uas siv lub hnub ci zog thiab siv cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb xws li crystalline silicon panels, inverters thiab lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob los txuas rau daim phiaj thiab xa hluav taws xob mus rau hauv daim phiaj. Fais fab kev loj hlob zog project.
Thoob ntiaj teb, kev tshawb fawb txog kev tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic muaj keeb kwm ntau dua 100 xyoo. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau xyoo 1970, nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm kev lag luam niaj hnub no, lub ntiaj teb kev kub ntxhov ntawm lub zog thiab huab cua muaj kuab paug tau nce zuj zus, thiab kwv yees li 2 billion tus neeg hauv ntiaj teb tsis muaj lub zog ib txwm muaj. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, lub zog tsis muaj zog, tsis muaj zog, tsis muaj kuab lom, pheej yig, thiab tsis pub siv lub hnub ci hluav taws xob los rau hauv tib neeg lub zeem muag.
kuv lub teb chaws pib kawm lub hnub ci hauv xyoo 1958, thiab tau ua tiav rau Dongfanghong -2 satellite tsim los ntawm kuv lub teb chaws thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1971. Xyoo 1973, lub hnub ci tau siv rau hauv av. Xyoo 2002, cov tuam haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub xeev tau tshaj tawm "Power Transmission to Township Project", thiab tau teeb tsa cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic hauv ze li 800 lub nroog uas tsis muaj hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv xya lub xeev sab hnub poob, tsav txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm kuv lub teb chaws kev lag luam photovoltaic.
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, lub ntiaj teb kev lag luam loj tau hloov kho lawv cov hom phiaj "dual carbon", thiab siv zog tsim lub zog huv xws li photovoltaics thiab cua zog tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb rau lub ntiaj teb kom ua tiav carbon neutrality. Raws li kev txheeb cais, los ntawm kev xav ntawm cov pa roj carbon emission qauv ntawm cov teb chaws loj hauv ntiaj teb, tshwj tsis yog Fabkis, uas nyiam lub zog nuclear, cov pa roj carbon emissions ntawm lwm lub teb chaws feem ntau yog los ntawm hluav taws xob thiab cua sov.
Piv nrog rau lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob, lub zog hluav taws xob photovoltaic muaj cov hauv qab no zoo:
- Extensiveness: Vim lub hnub ci nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb, photovoltaic fais fab tuag yog tsawg dua nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam txwv;
- Sustainability: cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hnub ci yog inexhaustible, thiab nws yog lub zog tauj dua tshiab thiab huv si;
- Flexibility: Cov tshuab hluav taws xob photovoltaic tuaj yeem tsim hluav taws xob thiab muab hluav taws xob rau ntawm qhov chaw yam tsis muaj kev txhim kho cov kab sib txuas. Lawv tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau ntawm lub ru tsev ntawm cov chaw nyob lossis hauv cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam kom tau raws li qhov xav tau hluav taws xob hauv cov tsev;
- Kev tiv thaiv ntsuab thiab ib puag ncig: lub zog hluav taws xob photovoltaic nws tus kheej tsis siv roj, tsis tso cov khoom siv nrog rau cov tsev cog khoom gases thiab lwm cov pa khib nyiab, tsis ua paug huab cua, thiab tsis tsim suab nrov;
- Kev ua haujlwm qis thiab kev saib xyuas tus nqi: Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob photovoltaic tsis muaj cov khoom siv sib kis, kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov thiab txhim khu kev qha, tsis muaj neeg saib xyuas, thiab cov nqi tu qis.
Kev hais lus theoretical, photovoltaic zog tsim tshuab tuaj yeem siv rau txhua lub sijhawm uas xav tau lub zog, xws li lub dav hlau mus rau lub zog hauv tsev, chaw nres tsheb loj megawatt, thiab cov khoom ua si me. Lub zog photovoltaic tuaj yeem nyob txhua qhov chaw. Tam sim no, kev tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic tau siv hauv kev thauj mus los, kev tsim kho, kev ua liaj ua teb, cov zos, chaw nres tsheb fais fab, kev sib txuas lus, tsev kho mob, tsev kawm ntawv thiab lwm yam xwm txheej, uas cuam tshuam nrog peb lub neej.
kuv lub teb chaws nyob rau sab qaum teb hemisphere, nrog qhov deb ntawm ntau tshaj 5,000 mais ntawm sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb thiab sab hnub tuaj mus rau sab hnub poob. Hauv Suav teb thaj av loj, muaj ntau lub hnub ci zog. Qhov nruab nrab hluav taws xob txhua hnub nyob rau hauv feem ntau yog siab dua 4 kWh ib square meter. Cov hluav taws xob niaj hnub hauv Tibet nce txog 7 kWh ib square meter. Piv nrog rau lwm lub teb chaws ntawm tib lub latitude, kuv lub teb chaws muaj peev xwm txhim kho zoo dua.
Raws li cov haujlwm tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic uas twb muaj lawm nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam, ua ke nrog cov ntawv thov sib txawv, hnub ci photovoltaic lub zog tsim hluav taws xob tuaj yeem muab faib ua tsib hom: kab sib txuas hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, kab sib txuas thiab tawm. -grid zog cia systems, thiab kab sib txuas-kev sib txuas ntawm lub zog cia thiab ntau lub zog hybrid micro-grid systems.
Grid-connected fais fab tuag system
Nws muaj cov khoom sib txuas, daim phiaj sib txuas inverters, photovoltaic meters, loads, bidirectional meters, daim phiaj-txuas txee thiab daim phiaj.
Cov hluav taws xob ncaj qha uas tsim los ntawm lub hnub ci yog hloov mus rau hauv kev hloov pauv tam sim no los ntawm inverter, thiab tom qab ntawd nkag mus rau lub nra thiab txuas nrog daim phiaj. Nws tuaj yeem siv ncaj qha rau kev thauj khoom hauv tsev, thiab cov hluav taws xob ntau dhau kuj tuaj yeem muag rau hauv daim phiaj, tab sis daim phiaj-txuas inverter feem ntau yog ib qho kev txhawb nqa thiab inverter ob-ncej qauv.
1. Txuas rau daim phiaj, thiab ib feem lossis tag nrho cov hluav taws xob raug xa mus rau daim phiaj.
2. Daim phiaj hluav taws xob raug txiav tawm, thiab kev tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic kuj raug tso tseg. Vim hais tias cov inverters muaj anti-islanding, uas yog hais tias, lub tuam txhab hluav taws xob daim phiaj yuav tsum tau hais tias yog hais tias lub hwj chim daim phiaj tsis ua hauj lwm, lub photovoltaic hwj chim kuj yuav tsum tau txiav tam sim ntawd. Feem ntau cov kev xav txog kev ruaj ntseg.
3. Cov neeg nyob hauv nroog tseem vam khom lub nroog hluav taws xob hmo ntuj.
4. Tsis muaj lub zog cia khoom.
Off-grid fais fab tuag system
Nws muaj cov photovoltaic modules, hnub ci controllers, inverters, roj teeb, loads, thiab lwm yam. Nws ua hauj lwm ntawm nws tus kheej yam tsis muaj kev cia siab rau lub hwj chim grid, thiab feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv tej thaj chaw deb thaj chaw, thaj chaw uas tsis muaj hluav taws xob, Islands tuaj, kev sib txuas lus chaw nres tsheb thiab txoj kev teeb, thiab lwm yam.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tshav ntuj, lub hnub ci zog yog hloov mus rau hauv hluav taws xob lub zog, thiab lub load yog powered los ntawm lub hnub ci maub los integrated tshuab kom them lub roj teeb; Thaum tsis muaj lub teeb, lub zog ntawm lub roj teeb tuaj yeem siv los muab lub zog rau AC load los ntawm inverter. Tus nqi ntawm lub roj teeb suav txog 30 feem pua -50 feem pua ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob tawm hluav taws xob, thiab cov hluav taws xob tawm hluav taws xob feem ntau muaj plaub theem ntawm kev tswj hwm, txhawb zog, inverter, thiab kev sib cais.
1. Ib qho kev ywj pheej uas tsis nyob ntawm daim phiaj. Qhov ntawd yog hais tias, txawm hais tias muaj lub zog loj lossis tsis muaj, tsuav yog muaj hnub ci txaus, lub kaw lus tawm tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm nws tus kheej thiab muab lub zog ntawm nws tus kheej.
2. Muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob cia. Qhov ntawd yog hais tias, yuav tsum muaj lub roj teeb, txwv tsis pub nws tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hmo ntuj lossis hnub los nag.
Thiab off-grid zog cia system
Nws yog tsim los ntawm photovoltaic modules, hnub ci zog thiab off-grid integrated tshuab, roj teeb, load, thiab lwm yam. Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv scenarios xws li nquag fais fab tuag los yog photovoltaic nws tus kheej-siv tsis muaj hluav taws xob tshaj, tus kheej siv hluav taws xob nqi yog kim dua. tshaj li tus nqi hluav taws xob hauv hluav taws xob, tus nqi hluav taws xob siab tshaj yog kim dua li tus nqi hluav taws xob hauv hav, thiab lwm yam.
Lub photovoltaic array hloov lub hnub ci zog rau hauv hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv lub teeb ntawm lub teeb, thiab muab lub zog rau lub load los ntawm lub hnub ci maub los inverter integrated tshuab, thiab tib lub sij hawm tsub lub roj teeb; Thaum tsis muaj lub teeb, lub roj teeb muab lub zog rau lub hnub ci maub los inverter integrated tshuab. Tom qab ntawd muab lub zog rau AC load muaj nuj nqi. Dual hom switching los xyuas kom meej cov khoom siv fais fab.
Photovoltaic daim phiaj-txuas lub zog cia qhov system
Nws muaj xws li photovoltaic modules, hnub ci controllers, roj teeb, grid-connected inverters, tam sim no nrhiav kom tau cov khoom, loads, thiab lwm yam. Muaj peev xwm nce qhov feem ntawm tus kheej noj.
Thaum lub hnub ci hluav taws xob tsawg dua lub zog load, lub kaw lus yog siv los ntawm lub hnub ci zog thiab daim phiaj ua ke. Thaum lub hnub ci zog ntau dua li lub zog thauj khoom, lub hnub ci hluav taws xob muab cov khoom thauj thaum khaws cov hluav taws xob ntau dhau los ntawm inverter.
Microgrid system
Lub zog faib hluav taws xob muaj xws li faib cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom thauj, lub zog cia thiab tswj cov khoom siv. Lub zog xa tawm tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm qhov chaw, thiab tom qab ntawd xa mus rau cov khoom thauj hauv zos nyob ze.
Lub microgrid system yog ib qho autonomous system uas muaj peev xwm tswj tau tus kheej, tiv thaiv thiab tswj. Nws tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog txuas nrog lub zog hluav taws xob sab nraud, tab sis kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv kev sib cais, uas daws tau qhov teeb meem ntawm kev sib faib hluav taws xob sib txuas thiab txhawb kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov hluav taws xob faib hluav taws xob loj ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab yog cov khoom siv tau zoo ntawm ntau yam. cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub zog rau lub load, thiab ib tug ntse daim phiaj system uas paub lub active tis network.
